Abstract:
Modern society's demand for technological innovations, decarbonization, and energy transition has driven the consumption of various metals such as copper, lithium, cobalt, nickel, and rare earth elements, in addition to the traditional iron and aluminum. These metals are traditionally obtained from primary sources (mineral deposits), however, the development of the so-called circular economy in view of the sustainable development goals (SDGs), has driven research to obtain these metals from secondary sources such as industrial waste. Waste LED lamps are a secondary source of plastic, aluminum, iron, silicon, copper, bromine, zinc, and rare earth elements such as yttrium and cerium. Obtaining these materials, however, requires dismantling the LED lamps, followed by the physical separation of their components, in order to obtain concentrates for extractive metallurgy operations or final products. The present study, which is part of the line of research on recycling LED lamps that have been developed by IPT in partnership with the company Tramppo Comércio e Reciclagem de Produtos Industriais Ltda since 2018, aims to investigate the mechanisms for dismantling LED lamps of the bulb-type, aiming at the liberation of its components in view of the subsequent physical separation processes. Compression, impact, and abrasion mechanisms promoted by various crushing, grinding, and mixing equipment were investigated. The most promising results indicated that the impact and abrasion promoted by an autogenous mill have the potential to be applied in the dismantling of bulb-type LED lamps.