Abstract:
Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) is a semiconductor and an important component in many transparent electronics such as flat panel monitors, light emitting diodes, thin film transistors, thin film solar cells and etc. (Ohta et al. Levy et al., 2008, Park et al., 2009).
The TCOs have optical transparency greater than 80% in the visible region and low electrical resistance (around 10-4 - 10-3 Ω.cm). Among the various thin films of TCO are tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) which has been viable for a long time. However, recently many researchers have been working on developing a substitute for the ITO because the Indian is a rare and expensive element, making the cost of producing ITO very high. Thus, impurities-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) films have been an alternative candidate for ITO because, unlike ITO, ZnO is a non-toxic, inexpensive, abundant material and is chemically stable. In addition, it has a gap energy of 3.3 eV, low resistivity, high transparency, high transparency in the visible range and good light capture characteristics