Per: Thomas hoefler (k1-met gmbh, stahlstrasse 14, 4020 linz, austria; TU Wien, institute of chemical technologIES and analytics, getreidemarkt 9/146-CT, 1060 vienna, austria), Herbert Danninger (TU WIEN, INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES AND ANALYTICS, GETREIDEMARKT 9/146-CT, 1060 VIENNA, AUSTRIA), Bernhard Linder (voestalpine Stahl GMBH, voestalpine-strasse 3, 4020 linz, austria), Gerhard Angeli (VOESTALPINE STAHL GMBH, VOESTALPINE-STRASSE 3, 4020 LINZ, AUSTRIA), Michael Auinger (UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK, WMG, coventry cv4 7al, united kingdom)
Abstract:
Gas-fired pusher furnaces are commonly used to heat steel slabs before hot rolling. Temperatures well above 1000 °C combined with an oxidizing atmosphere containing H2O, CO2 and O2 result in rapid oxidation of most steel grades. The resulting oxide scale and the chemistry of the metal-scale-interface are major determining factors for the occurrence of hot rolling defects. To better understand these phenomena, lab-scale trials were performed with two different steel grades in an electric tube furnace in the temperature range 1000-1250 °C, using an atmosphere of about 20 % H2O, 7 % CO2 and 3 % O2. Humidification of the gas was achieved by evaporation, using a custom thermostat with standard laboratory glassware. The resulting samples were prepared metallographically, using cold mounting under vacuum with taper section angles, and analyzed using light microscopy and SEM/EDS. The scale structure of the Si alloyed steel was highly dependent on the oxidation temperature due to the formation of eutectic liquid phases of FeO, Fe2SiO4 and FeAl2O4. Below the eutectic temperature, the scale of the Si steel appeared to be made up of three distinct areas: The external scale consisting solely of Fe oxides, the internal scale containing Fe2SiO4 and FeAl2O4, and an internal oxidation zone with SiO2 and Al2O3 in a mostly plain Fe matrix. Comparisons of the experimental results with simulations of the internal oxidation showed good qualitative agreement.
